- i. You will be allocated a lifestyle disease or choices from the ones studied in class and a scenario to address. Explain what causes the problem or what motivates a person to adopt certain eating habits, the risks associated with the choice and the steps which should be taken to reduce these risks. You will also need to include information on the foods your group can or cannot eat. (500 words on your blog)
Lifestyle Disease: An elderly woman suffering from osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is characterised by thinning of the bones until they are weak and easily fracture or break. Women are at a greater risk of developing osteoporosis than men, particularly after menopause because estrogen levels are reduced. The factors that are involved in the development of osteoporosis include low calcium intake during the growing years. If the body notices that not enough calcium is circulating in the blood, it will use hormones to reduce the amount put out by the kidneys in the urine. If not enough calcium is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, calcium will be taken from the bones. If your dietary intake of calcium is constantly low, your body will eventually remove so much calcium from the skeleton that your bones will become weak and brittle, which is known as osteoporosis.
There are three main risks caused by osteoporosis. Bone deterioration is the deterioration of bone mass. Your body breaks down old bone and replaces it with new bone and at a young age, the rate of producing new bone exceeds that of breaking down old bone which leaves you with an increase of bone mass. When you turn about 30 years of age, this process peaks and the reverses slightly. When you have osteoporosis, there is a disruption in the bone producing mechanism and more bone is broken down than replaced. Fragile bone and fractures are another effect of osteoporosis. As bones whittles away due to osteoporosis, the chance of you fracturing a bone dramatically increases. Significantly weaker bones can make it easier for bumps, harmless slips and falls to cause breakage. Back pain is another effect that can be caused by progression of osteoporosis. Since osteoporosis can affect the vertebrae, you can experience chronic back pain as the disc in your spine weaken. You can also experience a spinal fracture without having fallen or being injured.
A number of factors can increase the chances that you'll develop osteoporosis including your age, race, lifestyle choices, and medical conditions and treatments. Osteoporosis is more likely to occur in people who have a low calcium intake, eating disorders and weight-loss surgery. Some bad habits can increase your risk of osteoporosis such as a sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco use.
The aim of the diet for Osteoporosis is to ensure adequate calcium intake, appropriate intake of protein foods, minimal intake of substances which decrease calcium from bones and boost intake of plants containing oestrogen-like compounds. An osteoporosis diet should be high in vegetables, especially soybean sprouts because this plant is rich with estrogen's. Their diet should also include high calcium foods but low fat dairy foods, this include fortified soy milk and low fat cheese. Salmon and sardines are also good sources of calcium. Soybean products such as soy milk, sprouts, tofu and tempeh, are good sources of plant oestrogens and may help to slow down the loss of calcium from bones in women post-menopause. The diet should also include magnesium rich foods, such as wholegrain breads and cereals, wholemeal flour, yeast, seafood, almonds, brazil nuts, peanuts and walnuts. Vitamin D foods are also play an important part in a diet that is focused to slow down the process of prevent osteoporosis, as foods rich in vitamin D which helps absorption of calcium from the digestive tract such as cod liver oil, fish, egg yolks. A diet for someone with osteoporosis or trying to prevent osteoporosis should have a moderate intake of protein foods such as red meat, chicken, fish, eggs and cottage cheese as excess protein tends to increase calcium loss in the urine. Their diet should be low in alcohol, salt and caffeine as they tend to decrease calcium from bones. There should also be a low intake of phosphate because it competes with calcium for absorption in the bone. Sources of phosphates include red meat and phosphate preservatives in food and beverages, especially cola drinks.
Find 2 recipes suitable for serving as an afternoon tea for the need researched and justify your choices:
Rice Pudding:
This recipe is a great choice for someone suffering with osteoporosis, trying to prevent it or looking for a recipe with many benefits because it contains many nutrients including choline, vitamin B2, vitamin D, calcium and manganese. If you are in the mood for something sweet but don't want the calories that usually come with it then this dish is perfect. It can be served in a big bowel of for afternoon it can divided into mini serving dishes. This recipe is easy to make with only a few ingredients and you can’t go wrong with presentation.
Choline is a nutrient found in eggs, which are a fundamental ingredient in rice pudding. Our bodies can produce choline, but cannot make enough to fully satisfy what’s needed to function properly. Choline is integral for brain health. It is an important part of acetylcholine, which is a neurotransmitter that sends messages to our nerves and muscles.
Vitamin B2 is found in eggs and milk which are two core ingredients to rice pudding and are excellent sources of B2. This vitamin is responsible for maintaining tissues and breaking down food for our body to use. In addition, this vitamin promotes the production or red blood cells and hormone, and assists in maintaining eye, heart and skin health.
Vitamin D is found in eggs and fortified milk for this recipe. This vitamin is an essential nutrient that is difficult to obtain. It increases the intestinal absorption of calcium and prevents urinary calcium loss. A deficiency in vitamin D can cause serious health problems. One of the main issues that can occur with vitamin D deficiency is weakening of the muscles and bones, which can lead to osteoporosis later in life.
Calcium is another nutrient that is found in milk in this recipe and is essential for strong bones as well as teeth. Inadequate calcium intake during childhood and adolescence can restrain bone development and may prevent the completion of maximum bone mass during early adulthood. In older adults inadequate calcium intake accelerates bone loss and contributes to the development of osteoporosis.
Manganese is a valuable nutrient found in cinnamon, which is a common ingredient in rice pudding. Manganese activates enzymes that allow the body to utilize essential nutrients. It also helps with reproductive health and sex hormones. Manganese is also helpful for anyone who suffers with blood sugar issues, such as people who are hypoglycemic or insulin resistant, as it regulates blood sugar.
Quiche Lorraine:
This recipe is ideal for someone who wants a calcium and vitamin D rich recipe and is healthy at the same time. It is simple to make and the cook has the option to substitute ingredients or add them. It is perfect to be served as afternoon tea because it can be cut into appropriate serving sizes and can be eaten without the use of cutlery.
Calcium is found in eggs and milk in this recipe. As we age, the skeleton loses calcium. Women lose more calcium from their bones in the 5–10 years around the age of menopause. However, both men and women lose bone mass as they grow older and need to make sure they get enough calcium in their diet to offset these losses. While a diet high in calcium cannot reverse age-related bone loss, it can slow down the process. Calcium is especially important for young children, teenagers and older women.
Vitamin D is found in milk and eggs fir this recipe. This vitamin plays an important role in protecting your bones and your body requires it to absorb calcium. Children need vitamin D to build strong bones, and adults need it to keep their bones strong and healthy. If you don't get enough vitamin D, you may lose bone, have lower bone density, and you're more likely to break bones as you age.
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